| 4977 | BC | The Creation, according to Kepler |
| 0 | | Veterans' Day in Finland |
| 0 | | Feast of St. Origen Adamantius of Alexandria, scholar, ascetic, and theologian |
| 630 | | Shahrbaraz becomes Persian Emperor (killed, June 9. 630) |
| 1084 | | Robert the Weasel liberated Rome and Pope Gregory VII from Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, amid great slaughter |
| 1507 | | Genovese uprising against French occupation |
| 1509 | | Pope Julius II excommunicates "The Most Serene Republic" of Venice |
| 1528 | | Battle of Cape d'Orso: Franco-Genovese fleet crushes the Spanish |
| 1773 | | British Parliament passes Tea Act, leading to the Boston Tea Party |
| 1778 | | John Paul Jones begins a two-day raid on Whitehaven, U.K. |
| 1799 | | Battle of Cassano: Russo-Austrians defeat the French |
| 1813 | | Americans troops under Brig. Gen. Zebulon Pike capture Toronto |
| 1849 | | Battle of Marghera: Austrians defeat Italian Nationalists in the Veneto |
| 1857 | | Jews are prohibited from establishing congregations in Lower Austria |
| 1861 | | The 7th NY Militia enters federal service at Washington. |
| 1861 | | Col. Thomas J Jackson, CSA, assumes command at Harper's Ferry |
| 1861 | | Col. Thomas J Jackson, CSA, assumed command at Harper's Ferry -- Learn More |
| 1863 | | Streight's Raid: Tuscumbia to Cedar Bluff, AL |
| 1865 | | Steamer 'Sultana' explodes in the Mississippi, c. 1,500 die, mostly Union soldiers recently released from Confederate P/W camps |
| 1874 | | Racist "White League" formed in Grant Parish, Louisiana |
| 1881 | | Pogroms against Russian Jews start in Elisabethgrad |
| 1890 | | Battle of Barca: Italians defeat the Sudanese Mahdists |
| 1897 | | Grant's Tomb was dedicate on Manhattan's Upper West Side |
| 1898 | | Matanzas, Cuba: US ships & Spanish batteries exchange fire |
| 1909 | | Ouster of Ottoman Sultan & Caliph Abdul Hamid II of Turkey (1876-1909), in favor of Mehmed V (1909-1918) |
| 1915 | | Austro-Hungarian Korvettenkapitän Georg Ludwig Ritter von Trapp’s submarine 'U-5' sank French Armored Cruiser 'Leon Gambetta' in the Adriatic -- Learn More |
| 1930 | | The Italian Navy launches five new warships: heavy cruisers 'Fiume' & 'Zara,' light cruisers 'Albert di Giussano' & 'Giovanni delle Bande Nere,' and submarine, 'Delfino.' |
| 1940 | | Himmler orders establishment of the Auschwitz Concentration Camp |
| 1941 | | German troops occupy Athens |
| 1942 | | Nazis order Belgian Jews to wear yellow stars |
| 1942 | | Stilwell proposes the formation of a Chinese army in India. |
| 1943 | | Soviet Union breaks relations with Polish government-in-exile in London |
| 1945 | | Allied warships begin 4-day bombardment of Tarakan Island, Borneo |
| 1945 | | Italian partisans capture Mussolini and Clara Petacci, near Lake Como |
| 1945 | | US Fifth Army liberates Genoa |
| 1948 | | The Arab Legion attacks the Gesher Bridge on the Jordan River |
| 1701 | | King Charles Emanuel I of Sardinia (1730-1773) |
| 1737 | | Edward Gibbon, Captain of the Hampshire Grenadiers, historian of "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", d. 1794 -- Learn More |
| 1770 | | Adm Sir Edward Codrington. GCB, Victor of Navarino, d. 1851 |
| 1822 | | Ulysses S Grant, general, 1861-1869, president 1869-1877, memoirist, d. 1885 -- Learn More |
| 1835 | | John Murray Corse, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1893 |
| 1848 | | Otto Wilhelm Luitpold Adalbert Waldemar von Wittelsbach, King Otto of Bavaria (1886-1913), deposed due to mental incapacity, d. 1916 |
| 1942 | | Valeri Vladimirovich Polyakov, Russian cosmonaut |
| 399 | BC | Socrates, noted hoplite, stone cutter, busy-body, executed by poison, at c. 70 |
| 630 | | Shah Ardashir III of Persia (1123-1124), c. 9, murdered |
| 1124 | | King Alexander I of Scotland (1107-24), c. 45 |
| 1404 | | Philip "the Bold" or "the Stout," 62, Duke of Burgundy (1363-1404), Count of Charolais (1390-1404) |
| 1521 | | Ferdinand Magellan, 41, explorer, slain by the Filipinos |
| 1682 | | Tsar Theodorus III (1676-82) |
| 1694 | | Elector Johan Georg IV of Saxony (1691-94), at 25 |
| 1702 | | Jean Bart, 51, French naval hero |
| 1792 | | Jacob Johan Anckarström (29), assassin of King Gustav III of Sweden, executed |
| 1813 | | Zebulon M Pike, army officer and explorer, kia at 34 |
| 1881 | | Ludwig A Benedek, Austrian general who lost at Koniggratz, 76 |
| 1893 | | John Murray Corse, Brig. Gen, U.S., on his 58th birthday |
| 1937 | | Sgt. Maj. Daniel Joseph Daly, iconic and eloquent U.S. Marine, with two Medals of Honor, at 63 -- Learn More |
| 1965 | | Edward R. Morrow, intrepid war correspondent and, Cold Warrior, died at 57 -- https://youtu.be/3FY0KFqmURM |
| 1974 | | Adm. Jesse Bartlett "Oley" Oldendorf, 87, who commanded at Surigao Strait |