| 0 | | Ohi / Oxi Day in Greece, commemorating the receipt and rejection of the Italian surrender demand in 1940 |
| 0 | | Feast of St. Fidelis of Como, Roman Soldier and Martyr, and that of St. Faro, Count of Guînes, Bishop of Meaux |
| 306 | | Maxentius became co-emperor of Rome (306-312) |
| 312 | | Constantine defeated Maxentius in the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, becoming sole Roman Emperor in the west -- Learn More |
| 1516 | | the Ottomans defeated the Mamluks at Khan Yaunis, near Gaza. |
| 1628 | | The Siege of La Rochelle end: After 14 months the French Huguenots surrender to the Crown |
| 1644 | | Britain's Royal Marines were established, as "The Duke of York and Albany's Maritime Regiment of Foot" -- Learn More |
| 1776 | | Battle of White Plains: Washington retreats to New Jersey |
| 1793 | | Eli Whitney applies for a patent on the cotton gin |
| 1835 | | Battle of Mission Concepcion: Texians rout Mexicans |
| 1864 | | Battle of Wauhatchie, Tenn |
| 1886 | | Pres. Gover Cleveland dedicated The Statue of Liberty |
| 1914 | | the German cruiser 'Emden' slipped into Penang, Sumatra, to sink the Russian cruiser 'Zhemchug' and French destroyer 'Mousquet' -- Learn More |
| 1917 | | German ace Rudolf von Eschwege scored his 17th kill, a British observation balloon, near the River Struma on the Salonika Front -- Learn More |
| 1921 | | New York gave Marshal of France Ferdinand Foch a ticker tape parade up Broadway -- Learn More |
| 1922 | | The Fascist "March on Rome" |
| 1940 | | FDR criticizes politicians, pacifists, and pundits who, " . . . after opposing rearmament for years, are now protesting that the United States is too weak." |
| 1940 | | 'U-32' sinks RMS 'Empress of Britain', killing hundreds of children being evacuated to Canada; Goebbles claims the British did it |
| 1942 | | "Tokyo Express" lands troops on Guadalcanal. |
| 1943 | | Japanese evacuation of Kolombangara ends, 11,000 troops get away |
| 1958 | | former Italian Army medical SGT Angelo Roncalli was elected Pope as John XXIII, Canonized as St. John XXIII 2014 |
| 1962 | | Khrushchev orders missiles out of Cuba, ending Missile Crisis |
| 1965 | | Pope Paul VI states that the Jewish people bear no collective guilt for the Crucifixion |
| 2014 | | Chief Warrant Officer S/ Ralph Rigby retired from the Army after 42 years of service since being drafted in 1972 |
| 1017 | | Holy Roman Emperor Henry III "the Black" or "The Pious" (1046-1056) |
| 1510 | | Francesco Borgia, great-grandson of Pope Alexander VI, later General of the Jesuits, d. 1670 and canonized |
| 1690 | | Peter Jansen Wessel, called "Tordenskiold -- Thundershield", Danish-Norwegian admiral, d. 1720 |
| 1696 | | Maurice de Saxe, later Duke of Saxony and Marshal General of France, d. 1750 -- Learn More |
| 1791 | | Paolo Bartolomeo di Avitabile, Neapolitan lieutenant, Persian colonel, Sikh general, d. 1850 |
| 1793 | | Eliphalet Remington, firearms designer, d. 1861 |
| 1810 | | Adley Hogan Gladden, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1862 |
| 1834 | | Dudley McIver DuBose, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1883 |
| 1846 | | Georges Auguste Escoffier, noted French chef, d. 1935 -- Learn More |
| 1897 | | Hans Speidel, soldier, anti-Nazi, d. 1984 |
| 1903 | | Arthur Evelyn St. John Waugh -- Evelyn Waugh, Royal Marine Commando and novelist ("Brideshead Revisited", etc.), d. 1966 |
| 1940 | | Gennadi Mikhailovich Strekalov, cosmonaut, d. 2004 |
| 312 | | Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius (306-312), c. 34, drowned at the Milvian Bridge -- Learn More |
| 1704 | | John Locke, 72, English political philosopher, Fellow of the Royal Society |
| 1740 | | Anna Ivanovna, 47, Duchess of Courland (1711-1730), Empress of Russia (1730-1740) [N.S.] |
| 1800 | | Artemus Ward, 72, Continental major general, politician -- Learn More |
| 1818 | | Abigail Smith Adams, 73, Founding Mother, wife of John Adams, mother of John Quincy Adams |
| 1857 | | Louis-Eugène Cavaignac, 55, French general, War Minister, Dictator (Jun 28-Dec 20,1848) |
| 1916 | | Oswald Boelcke, 25, German fighter ace, 40 victories |
| 1971 | | Col. Jesús Antonio Villamor, 56. Philippine Army Air Corps, who downed two Zeros while flying a P-26 |
| 1999 | | Rafael Alberti, Spanish Marxist war poet, at 96 |